All civil Structures have tubular section or hollow cylinder for the sole purpose of fluid conveyance. A PIPE is a usually but not necessarily of circular cross-section, used mainly to convey substances which can flow. Pipes are utilized for flow through of water and / or fluid waste from commercial and residential units from all common utility places like kitchens, bathrooms, rest rooms and swimming pools. Fitted pipes have inlets as well as outlets.

Conveyance of fluids in specialized applications like oil pipes are described as “Piping”. High-performance pipelines travel long and short distances and are built to endure high-pressure, high-flow, high-temperature or hazardous-materials.

“Tubing” is used for light-weight piping that is flexible enough to be supplied in coiled form.

​Connecting straight pipes or tubing is used in pipe systems called Fittings. The various shapes and sizes have different sections that adapt to given angles and turns so as to regulate and measure flow. Fittings require time, materials and tools to install, and are an important part of piping and plumbing systems.

The task performing conveyance of water, gas or liquid waste in domestic or commercial environments is commonly known as “Plumbing”.

The different kinds of fittings are Common pipes and fittings, Drain waste, vent and related fittings, hydraulic fittings and Connection method. Pipes are for both hot and cold water. They are made up of steel, black iron, copper, soft copper, rigid copper, rubber and others.